Torium
90
Th
Groep
n/a
Periode
7
Blok
f
Protrone
Elektrone
Neutrone
90
90
142
Algemene Eienskappe
Atoom Nommer
90
Atoommassa
232,03806
Massa Nommer
232
Kategorie
Aktiniede
Kleur
Silver
Radioaktief
Ja
Named after Thor, Scandinavian god of war
Kristalstruktuur
Gesiggesentreerde kubieke
Geskiendenis
Thorium was discovered by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1828, in Stockholm, Sweden.
Thorium was first observed to be radioactive in 1898, independently, by Polish-French physicist Marie Curie and German chemist Gerhard Carl Schmidt.
The crystal bar process was discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 to produce high-purity metallic thorium.
Thorium was first observed to be radioactive in 1898, independently, by Polish-French physicist Marie Curie and German chemist Gerhard Carl Schmidt.
The crystal bar process was discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 to produce high-purity metallic thorium.
Elektrone per skil
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2
Elektronkonfigurasie
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
Thorium fuel research is continuing in several countries including the USA and India
Fisiese Eienskappe
Fase
Soliede
Digtheid
11,7 g/cm3
Smeltpunt
2115,15 K | 1842 °C | 3347,6 °F
Kookpunt
5061,15 K | 4788 °C | 8650,4 °F
Heat of Fusion
16 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization
530 kJ/mol
Spesifieke Hitte Kapasiteit
0,113 J/g·K
Oorvloed in die aardkors
0,0006%
Oorvloed in die heelal
4×10-8%
Beeld Krediete: Wikimedia Commons (NASA/ESA/JHU/R.Sankrit & W.Blair)
The Earth's thorium originated in the death throes of ancient stars
CAS Nommer
7440-29-1
PubChem CID Nommer
23960
Atomiese Eienskappe
Atoom radius
179 pm
Kovalente Radius
206 pm
Elektronegatiewiteit
1,3 (Pauling scale)
Ionisasie potensiaal
6,3067 eV
Atoom volume
19,9 cm3/mol
Termiese geleidingsvermoë
0,54 W/cm·K
Oksidasiestate
2, 3, 4
Toepassings
Thorium is used to coat tungsten filaments in light bulbs.
It is also used in its oxide form in gas tungsten arc welding to increase the high-temperature strength of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability.
Thorium-magnesium alloys are used in the aerospace industry for aircraft engines.
It is also used in its oxide form in gas tungsten arc welding to increase the high-temperature strength of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability.
Thorium-magnesium alloys are used in the aerospace industry for aircraft engines.
Thorium is highly radioactive
Isotope
Stabiele Isotope
232ThOnstabiele Isotope
209Th, 210Th, 211Th, 212Th, 213Th, 214Th, 215Th, 216Th, 217Th, 218Th, 219Th, 220Th, 221Th, 222Th, 223Th, 224Th, 225Th, 226Th, 227Th, 228Th, 229Th, 230Th, 231Th, 233Th, 234Th, 235Th, 236Th, 237Th, 238Th