Koolstof
6
C
Groep
14
Periode
2
Blok
p
Protrone
Elektrone
Neutrone
6
6
6
Algemene Eienskappe
Atoom Nommer
6
Atoommassa
12,0107
Massa Nommer
12
Kategorie
Niemetale
Kleur
Swart
Radioaktief
Nee
From the Latin word carbo, charcoal
Kristalstruktuur
Eenvoudige seshoekige
Geskiendenis
Carbon was discovered in prehistory and was known in the forms of soot and charcoal to the earliest human civilizations.
In 1772, Antoine Lavoisier showed that diamonds are a form of carbon; when he burned samples of charcoal and diamond and found that neither produced any water.
In 1779, Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that graphite burned to form carbon dioxide and so must be another form of carbon.
In 1772, Antoine Lavoisier showed that diamonds are a form of carbon; when he burned samples of charcoal and diamond and found that neither produced any water.
In 1779, Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that graphite burned to form carbon dioxide and so must be another form of carbon.
Elektrone per skil
2, 4
Elektronkonfigurasie
[He] 2s2 2p2
About 20% of the weight of living organisms is carbon
Fisiese Eienskappe
Fase
Soliede
Digtheid
2,267 g/cm3
Smeltpunt
3948,15 K | 3675 °C | 6647 °F
Kookpunt
4300,15 K | 4027 °C | 7280,6 °F
Heat of Fusion
105 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization
715 kJ/mol
Spesifieke Hitte Kapasiteit
0,709 J/g·K
Oorvloed in die aardkors
0,18%
Oorvloed in die heelal
0,5%
CAS Nommer
7440-44-0
PubChem CID Nommer
5462310
Atomiese Eienskappe
Atoom radius
67 pm
Kovalente Radius
77 pm
Elektronegatiewiteit
2,55 (Pauling scale)
Ionisasie potensiaal
11,2603 eV
Atoom volume
5,31 cm3/mol
Termiese geleidingsvermoë
1,29 W/cm·K
Oksidasiestate
-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4
Toepassings
The major use of carbon other than food and wood is in the form of hydrocarbons, most notably the fossil fuel methane gas and crude oil.
Graphite is used for pencil tips, high temperature crucibles, dry cells, electrodes and as a lubricant.
Diamonds are used in jewelry and in industry for cutting, drilling, grinding, and polishing.
Carbon black is used as the black pigment in printing ink.
Graphite is used for pencil tips, high temperature crucibles, dry cells, electrodes and as a lubricant.
Diamonds are used in jewelry and in industry for cutting, drilling, grinding, and polishing.
Carbon black is used as the black pigment in printing ink.
Pure carbon has extremely low toxicity to humans and can be handled safely in the form of graphite or charcoal
Isotope
Stabiele Isotope
12C, 13COnstabiele Isotope
8C, 9C, 10C, 11C, 14C, 15C, 16C, 17C, 18C, 19C, 20C, 21C, 22C