Sirkonium
40
Zr
Groep
4
Periode
5
Blok
d
Protrone
Elektrone
Neutrone
40
40
51
Algemene Eienskappe
Atoom Nommer
40
Atoommassa
91,224
Massa Nommer
91
Kategorie
Oorgangsmetale
Kleur
Silver
Radioaktief
Nee
From the Persian zargun, gold like
Kristalstruktuur
Eenvoudige seshoekige
Geskiendenis
Zirconium was first recognized as an element by Martin Heinrich Klaproth in 1789, in Berlin, in a sample of zircon from Sri Lanka.
Zirconium metal was first obtained in an impure form in 1824 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius by heating a mixture of potassium and potassium zirconium fluoride in an iron tube.
Dutch scientists Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer discovered a method for producing high purity zirconium in 1925.
Zirconium metal was first obtained in an impure form in 1824 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius by heating a mixture of potassium and potassium zirconium fluoride in an iron tube.
Dutch scientists Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer discovered a method for producing high purity zirconium in 1925.
Elektrone per skil
2, 8, 18, 10, 2
Elektronkonfigurasie
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
The most common oxide is zirconium dioxide, also referred to as zirconia
Fisiese Eienskappe
Fase
Soliede
Digtheid
6,506 g/cm3
Smeltpunt
2128,15 K | 1855 °C | 3371 °F
Kookpunt
4682,15 K | 4409 °C | 7968,2 °F
Heat of Fusion
21 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization
580 kJ/mol
Spesifieke Hitte Kapasiteit
0,278 J/g·K
Oorvloed in die aardkors
0,013%
Oorvloed in die heelal
5×10-6%
Beeld Krediete: Wikimedia Commons (Alchemist-hp)
Two samples of crystal bar showing different surface textures as well as a highly pure zirconium cube for comparison
CAS Nommer
7440-67-7
PubChem CID Nommer
23995
Atomiese Eienskappe
Atoom radius
160 pm
Kovalente Radius
175 pm
Elektronegatiewiteit
1,33 (Pauling scale)
Ionisasie potensiaal
6,6339 eV
Atoom volume
14,0 cm3/mol
Termiese geleidingsvermoë
0,227 W/cm·K
Oksidasiestate
1, 2, 3, 4
Toepassings
Zirconium is mainly used as a refractory and opacifier, although it is used in small amounts as an alloying agent for its strong resistance to corrosion.
Zirconium is used as to make surgical instruments and is used in steel alloys as a hardening agent.
Zirconium is also used to make superconductive magnets.
Zirconium is used as to make surgical instruments and is used in steel alloys as a hardening agent.
Zirconium is also used to make superconductive magnets.
Zirconium is considered to be non-toxic
Isotope
Stabiele Isotope
90Zr, 91Zr, 92Zr, 94ZrOnstabiele Isotope
78Zr, 79Zr, 80Zr, 81Zr, 82Zr, 83Zr, 84Zr, 85Zr, 86Zr, 87Zr, 88Zr, 89Zr, 93Zr, 95Zr, 96Zr, 97Zr, 98Zr, 99Zr, 100Zr, 101Zr, 102Zr, 103Zr, 104Zr, 105Zr, 106Zr, 107Zr, 108Zr, 109Zr, 110Zr