Germanium
32
Ge
Groep
14
Periode
4
Blok
p
Protrone
Elektrone
Neutrone
32
32
41
Algemene Eienskappe
Atoom Nommer
32
Atoommassa
72,63
Massa Nommer
73
Kategorie
Metalloïdes
Kleur
Grys
Radioaktief
Nee
From the Latin word Germania, Germany
Kristalstruktuur
Gesiggesentreerde kubieke
Geskiendenis
In 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev predicted its existence and some of its properties based on its position on his periodic table and called the element eka-silicon.
In 1886, Clemens Winkler found the new element along with silver and sulfur, in a rare mineral called argyrodite.
The first silicon-germanium alloys were obtained in 1955.
In 1886, Clemens Winkler found the new element along with silver and sulfur, in a rare mineral called argyrodite.
The first silicon-germanium alloys were obtained in 1955.
Elektrone per skil
2, 8, 18, 4
Elektronkonfigurasie
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2
Germanium and the oxide are transparent to infrared radiation
Fisiese Eienskappe
Fase
Soliede
Digtheid
5,323 g/cm3
Smeltpunt
1211,4 K | 938,25 °C | 1720,85 °F
Kookpunt
3106,15 K | 2833 °C | 5131,4 °F
Heat of Fusion
31,8 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization
334 kJ/mol
Spesifieke Hitte Kapasiteit
0,32 J/g·K
Oorvloed in die aardkors
0,00014%
Oorvloed in die heelal
0,00002%
CAS Nommer
7440-56-4
PubChem CID Nommer
6326954
Atomiese Eienskappe
Atoom radius
122 pm
Kovalente Radius
122 pm
Elektronegatiewiteit
2,01 (Pauling scale)
Ionisasie potensiaal
7,8994 eV
Atoom volume
13,6 cm3/mol
Termiese geleidingsvermoë
0,599 W/cm·K
Oksidasiestate
-4, 1, 2, 3, 4
Toepassings
The most common use of germanium is as a semiconductor in electronics.
Germanium is used in transistors and in integrated circuits.
It is used as an alloying agent and as a catalyst.
It is also used in infrared spectroscopes and infrared detectors.
Germanium is used in transistors and in integrated circuits.
It is used as an alloying agent and as a catalyst.
It is also used in infrared spectroscopes and infrared detectors.
Germanium is not known to be toxic
Isotope
Stabiele Isotope
70Ge, 72Ge, 73Ge, 74GeOnstabiele Isotope
58Ge, 59Ge, 60Ge, 61Ge, 62Ge, 63Ge, 64Ge, 65Ge, 66Ge, 67Ge, 68Ge, 69Ge, 71Ge, 75Ge, 76Ge, 77Ge, 78Ge, 79Ge, 80Ge, 81Ge, 82Ge, 83Ge, 84Ge, 85Ge, 86Ge, 87Ge, 88Ge, 89Ge