Gallium
31
Ga
Groep
13
Periode
4
Blok
p
Protrone
Elektrone
Neutrone
31
31
39
Algemene Eienskappe
Atoom Nommer
31
Atoommassa
69,723
Massa Nommer
70
Kategorie
Hoofgroepmetale
Kleur
Silver
Radioaktief
Nee
From the Latin word Gallia, France; also from Latin, gallus, a translation of Lecoq, a cock
Kristalstruktuur
Base Centered Orthorhombic
Geskiendenis
In 1871, existence of gallium was first predicted by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev and called the element eka-aluminum.
Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 by its characteristic spectrum in an examination of a sphalerite sample.
Later that year, Lecoq obtained the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide in potassium hydroxide solution.
Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 by its characteristic spectrum in an examination of a sphalerite sample.
Later that year, Lecoq obtained the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide in potassium hydroxide solution.
Elektrone per skil
2, 8, 18, 3
Elektronkonfigurasie
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Gallium has a strong tendency to supercool below its melting point / freezing point
Fisiese Eienskappe
Fase
Soliede
Digtheid
5,907 g/cm3
Smeltpunt
302,91 K | 29,76 °C | 85,57 °F
Kookpunt
2477,15 K | 2204 °C | 3999,2 °F
Heat of Fusion
5,59 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization
256 kJ/mol
Spesifieke Hitte Kapasiteit
0,371 J/g·K
Oorvloed in die aardkors
0,0019%
Oorvloed in die heelal
1×10-6%
CAS Nommer
7440-55-3
PubChem CID Nommer
5360835
Atomiese Eienskappe
Atoom radius
135 pm
Kovalente Radius
122 pm
Elektronegatiewiteit
1,81 (Pauling scale)
Ionisasie potensiaal
5,9993 eV
Atoom volume
11,8 cm3/mol
Termiese geleidingsvermoë
0,406 W/cm·K
Oksidasiestate
1, 2, 3
Toepassings
Gallium wets glass or porcelain and forms a brilliant mirror when it is painted on glass.
It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors.
Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light.
It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors.
Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light.
Gallium is considered to be non-toxic
Isotope
Stabiele Isotope
69Ga, 71GaOnstabiele Isotope
56Ga, 57Ga, 58Ga, 59Ga, 60Ga, 61Ga, 62Ga, 63Ga, 64Ga, 65Ga, 66Ga, 67Ga, 68Ga, 70Ga, 72Ga, 73Ga, 74Ga, 75Ga, 76Ga, 77Ga, 78Ga, 79Ga, 80Ga, 81Ga, 82Ga, 83Ga, 84Ga, 85Ga, 86Ga