Silikon

14
Si
Groep
14
Periode
3
Blok
p
Protrone
Elektrone
Neutrone
14
14
14
Algemene Eienskappe
Atoom Nommer
14
Atoommassa
28,0855
Massa Nommer
28
Kategorie
Metalloïdes
Kleur
Grys
Radioaktief
Nee
From the Latin word silex, silicis, flint
Kristalstruktuur
Tetrahedral Packing
Geskiendenis
In 1800, Sir Humphry Davy thought silica to be a compound and not an element; but in 1811, Gay Lussac and Louis Jacques Thénard probably prepared impure amorphous silicon by heating potassium with silicon tetrafluoride.

In 1824 Jöns Jakob Berzelius prepared amorphous silicon by the same general method.

Henri Deville in 1854 first prepared crystalline silicon, the second allotropic form of the element.
Elektrone per skil
2, 8, 4
Elektronkonfigurasie
[Ne] 3s2 3p2
Si
Silicon also has the unusual property that it expands as it freezes
Fisiese Eienskappe
Fase
Soliede
Digtheid
2,3296 g/cm3
Smeltpunt
1687,15 K | 1414 °C | 2577,2 °F
Kookpunt
3538,15 K | 3265 °C | 5909 °F
Heat of Fusion
50,2 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization
359 kJ/mol
Spesifieke Hitte Kapasiteit
0,705 J/g·K
Oorvloed in die aardkors
27%
Oorvloed in die heelal
0,07%
Close
Beeld Krediete: Wikimedia Commons (Enricoros)
Close up photo of a piece of purified silicon
CAS Nommer
7440-21-3
PubChem CID Nommer
5461123
Atomiese Eienskappe
Atoom radius
111 pm
Kovalente Radius
111 pm
Elektronegatiewiteit
1,9 (Pauling scale)
Ionisasie potensiaal
8,1517 eV
Atoom volume
12,1 cm3/mol
Termiese geleidingsvermoë
1,48 W/cm·K
Oksidasiestate
-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4
Toepassings
In the form of sand and clay it is used to make concrete and brick; it is a useful refractory material for high-temperature work, and in the form of silicates it is used in making enamels, pottery, etc.

Silica, as sand, is a principal ingredient of glass.

Silicon chips are the basis of modern electronic and computing.

Silicon carbide, more commonly called carborundum is used in abrasives.
If breathed in as a fine silica/silicate dust, it may cause chronic respiratory problems
Isotope
Stabiele Isotope
28Si, 29Si, 30Si
Onstabiele Isotope
22Si, 23Si, 24Si, 25Si, 26Si, 27Si, 31Si, 32Si, 33Si, 34Si, 35Si, 36Si, 37Si, 38Si, 39Si, 40Si, 41Si, 42Si, 43Si, 44Si