Tallium

81
Tl
Groep
13
Periode
6
Blok
p
Protrone
Elektrone
Neutrone
81
81
123
Algemene Eienskappe
Atoom Nommer
81
Atoommassa
204,3833
Massa Nommer
204
Kategorie
Hoofgroepmetale
Kleur
Silver
Radioaktief
Nee
From Greek thallos, meanin a green shoot or twig
Kristalstruktuur
Eenvoudige seshoekige
Geskiendenis
Thallium was discovered spectroscopically by Sir William Crookes in 1861, in London.

In 1862, Claude-Auguste Lamy used a spectrometer to determine the composition of a selenium-containing substance which was deposited during the production of sulfuric acid from pyrite.

He noticed the new green line in the spectra and concluded that a new element was present.
Elektrone per skil
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3
Elektronkonfigurasie
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
Tl
Agatha Christie made use of thallium's toxicity in her novel The Pale Horse
Fisiese Eienskappe
Fase
Soliede
Digtheid
11,85 g/cm3
Smeltpunt
577,15 K | 304 °C | 579,2 °F
Kookpunt
1746,15 K | 1473 °C | 2683,4 °F
Heat of Fusion
4,2 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization
165 kJ/mol
Spesifieke Hitte Kapasiteit
0,129 J/g·K
Oorvloed in die aardkors
0,000053%
Oorvloed in die heelal
5×10-8%
Pure
Beeld Krediete: Images-of-elements
Pure thallium under argon
CAS Nommer
7440-28-0
PubChem CID Nommer
5359464
Atomiese Eienskappe
Atoom radius
170 pm
Kovalente Radius
145 pm
Elektronegatiewiteit
1,62 (Pauling scale)
Ionisasie potensiaal
6,1082 eV
Atoom volume
17,2 cm3/mol
Termiese geleidingsvermoë
0,461 W/cm·K
Oksidasiestate
1, 3
Toepassings
Thallium selenide has been used in a bolometer for infrared detection.

Thallium is also used in gamma radiation detection equipment.

Thallium oxide has been used to produce glasses with a high index of refraction, and is used in the manufacture of photo cells.

Some of the electrodes in dissolved oxygen analyzers contain thallium.
Thallium and its compounds are highly toxic
Isotope
Stabiele Isotope
203Tl, 205Tl
Onstabiele Isotope
176Tl, 177Tl, 178Tl, 179Tl, 180Tl, 181Tl, 182Tl, 183Tl, 184Tl, 185Tl, 186Tl, 187Tl, 188Tl, 189Tl, 190Tl, 191Tl, 192Tl, 193Tl, 194Tl, 195Tl, 196Tl, 197Tl, 198Tl, 199Tl, 200Tl, 201Tl, 202Tl, 204Tl, 206Tl, 207Tl, 208Tl, 209Tl, 210Tl, 211Tl, 212Tl