Tulium
69
Tm
Groep
n/a
Periode
6
Blok
f
Protrone
Elektrone
Neutrone
69
69
100
Algemene Eienskappe
Atoom Nommer
69
Atoommassa
168,93421
Massa Nommer
169
Kategorie
Lantaniede
Kleur
Silver
Radioaktief
Nee
Named after Thule, the earliest name for Scandinavia
Kristalstruktuur
Eenvoudige seshoekige
Geskiendenis
Thulium was discovered by Swedish chemist Per Teodor Cleve in 1879 by looking for impurities in the oxides of other rare earth elements.
The first researcher to obtain nearly pure thulium was Charles James, a British expatriate working on a large scale at New Hampshire College in Durham.
High-purity thulium oxide was first offered commercially in the late 1950s.
The first researcher to obtain nearly pure thulium was Charles James, a British expatriate working on a large scale at New Hampshire College in Durham.
High-purity thulium oxide was first offered commercially in the late 1950s.
Elektrone per skil
2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2
Elektronkonfigurasie
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
Thulium ore occurs most commonly in China
Fisiese Eienskappe
Fase
Soliede
Digtheid
9,321 g/cm3
Smeltpunt
1818,15 K | 1545 °C | 2813 °F
Kookpunt
2223,15 K | 1950 °C | 3542 °F
Heat of Fusion
16,8 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization
250 kJ/mol
Spesifieke Hitte Kapasiteit
0,16 J/g·K
Oorvloed in die aardkors
0,000045%
Oorvloed in die heelal
1×10-8%
CAS Nommer
7440-30-4
PubChem CID Nommer
23961
Atomiese Eienskappe
Atoom radius
176 pm
Kovalente Radius
190 pm
Elektronegatiewiteit
1,25 (Pauling scale)
Ionisasie potensiaal
6,1843 eV
Atoom volume
18,1 cm3/mol
Termiese geleidingsvermoë
0,168 W/cm·K
Oksidasiestate
2, 3
Toepassings
Thulium is used to dope yttrium aluminum garnets used in lasers.
It has also been used in high-temperature superconductors similarly to yttrium.
Thulium has use in ferrites, ceramic magnetic materials that are used in microwave equipment.
Thulium is used in euro banknotes for its blue fluorescence under UV light to defeat counterfeiters.
It has also been used in high-temperature superconductors similarly to yttrium.
Thulium has use in ferrites, ceramic magnetic materials that are used in microwave equipment.
Thulium is used in euro banknotes for its blue fluorescence under UV light to defeat counterfeiters.
Thulium is considered to be non-toxic
Isotope
Stabiele Isotope
169TmOnstabiele Isotope
145Tm, 146Tm, 147Tm, 148Tm, 149Tm, 150Tm, 151Tm, 152Tm, 153Tm, 154Tm, 155Tm, 156Tm, 157Tm, 158Tm, 159Tm, 160Tm, 161Tm, 162Tm, 163Tm, 164Tm, 165Tm, 166Tm, 167Tm, 168Tm, 170Tm, 171Tm, 172Tm, 173Tm, 174Tm, 175Tm, 176Tm, 177Tm, 178Tm, 179Tm