Litium

3
Li
Groep
1
Periode
2
Blok
s
Protrone
Elektrone
Neutrone
3
3
4
Algemene Eienskappe
Atoom Nommer
3
Atoommassa
6,941
Massa Nommer
7
Kategorie
Alkalimetale
Kleur
Silver
Radioaktief
Nee
From the Greek word lithos, stone
Kristalstruktuur
Ligaamsgesentreerde kubieke
Geskiendenis
Lithium was discovered by Johann Arfvedson in 1817 when he was analyzing minerals from the island of Uto in Sweden.

The pure metal was isolated the following year by both Swedish chemist William Thomas Brande and English chemist Sir Humphry Davy working independently.

In 1855, larger quantities of lithium were produced through the electrolysis of lithium chloride by Robert Bunsen and Augustus Matthiessen.
Elektrone per skil
2, 1
Elektronkonfigurasie
[He] 2s1
Li
Lithium is the only metal which reacts with nitrogen under normal conditions
Fisiese Eienskappe
Fase
Soliede
Digtheid
0,534 g/cm3
Smeltpunt
453,69 K | 180,54 °C | 356,97 °F
Kookpunt
1615,15 K | 1342 °C | 2447,6 °F
Heat of Fusion
3 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization
147 kJ/mol
Spesifieke Hitte Kapasiteit
3,582 J/g·K
Oorvloed in die aardkors
0,0017%
Oorvloed in die heelal
6×10-7%
0.5
Beeld Krediete: Images-of-elements
0.5 grams lithium under argon
CAS Nommer
7439-93-2
PubChem CID Nommer
3028194
Atomiese Eienskappe
Atoom radius
152 pm
Kovalente Radius
128 pm
Elektronegatiewiteit
0,98 (Pauling scale)
Ionisasie potensiaal
5,3917 eV
Atoom volume
13,10 cm3/mol
Termiese geleidingsvermoë
0,847 W/cm·K
Oksidasiestate
1
Toepassings
Pure lithium metal is used in rechargeable lithium ion batteries.

Lithium stearate is used as an all-purpose and high-temperature lubricant.

Lithium is used in special glasses and ceramics.

Metallic lithium and its complex hydrides are used as high energy additives to rocket propellants.
Lithium is corrosive and requires special handling to avoid skin contact
Isotope
Stabiele Isotope
6Li, 7Li
Onstabiele Isotope
4Li, 5Li, 8Li, 9Li, 10Li, 11Li, 12Li